Myoclonus
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Myoclonus is a brief, rapid, shock-like, jerky movement consisting of single or repetitive muscle discharges . Myoclonic jerks can be severe and interfere with normal movement or benign and no clinical consequence is commonly observed in normal people when waking up or falling asleep .
Myoclonus may develop on its own or as a result of:
Infection
Stroke
Trauma to the spinal cord or head
Tumours on the brain or spinal cord
Kidney failure
Liver failure
Lipid storage disease
Adverse effects of drugs or chemicals
Hypoxia (a condition in which the body, including the brain, is deprived of oxygen)
autoimmune inflammatory conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and the malabsorption syndrome celiac disease
Metabolic disorders
Infection
Stroke
Trauma to the spinal cord or head
Tumours on the brain or spinal cord
Kidney failure
Liver failure
Lipid storage disease
Adverse effects of drugs or chemicals
Hypoxia (a condition in which the body, including the brain, is deprived of oxygen)
autoimmune inflammatory conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and the malabsorption syndrome celiac disease
Metabolic disorders
1. People with myoclonus present with jerks which may occur repetitively and rhythmically / irregularly.
2. They can be activated by voluntary movement or sensory stimulation.
3. Myoclonic jerks can be rapid, active contractions which is positive myoclonus or there can be lapses of muscle contraction which is negative myoclonus.
2. They can be activated by voluntary movement or sensory stimulation.
3. Myoclonic jerks can be rapid, active contractions which is positive myoclonus or there can be lapses of muscle contraction which is negative myoclonus.
Physiological myoclonus refer to muscle jerks that occur in certain circumstances in normal subjects. These include sleep jerks and hiccups.
Essential myoclonus consists of multifocal myoclonus in which there is no other neurological deficit or abnormality on investigation.
Epileptic myoclonus refers to condition in which major clinical problems in one of epilepsy , but one of manifestation of epileptic attacks is myoclonic jerks.
Symptomatic generalised myoclonus refer to those conditions in which generalised / multifocal muscle jerking is manifestation of an underlying identifiable neurological use.
Psychogenic myoclonus refers to myoclonus that is produces as “voluntary” or “stimulated” myoclonus.
Essential myoclonus consists of multifocal myoclonus in which there is no other neurological deficit or abnormality on investigation.
Epileptic myoclonus refers to condition in which major clinical problems in one of epilepsy , but one of manifestation of epileptic attacks is myoclonic jerks.
Symptomatic generalised myoclonus refer to those conditions in which generalised / multifocal muscle jerking is manifestation of an underlying identifiable neurological use.
Psychogenic myoclonus refers to myoclonus that is produces as “voluntary” or “stimulated” myoclonus.
To diagnose myoclonus, your doctor will review your medical history and symptoms and conduct a physical examination:
Electroencephalography (EEG)
MRI or CT scan
Electromyogram(EMG)
Laboratory tests for conditions such as:
· Diabetes mellitus
· Metabolic disorders
· Auto immune disease
· Kidney or liver disease
· Drugs or toxins
Electroencephalography (EEG)
MRI or CT scan
Electromyogram(EMG)
Laboratory tests for conditions such as:
· Diabetes mellitus
· Metabolic disorders
· Auto immune disease
· Kidney or liver disease
· Drugs or toxins
Medications Sedatives, anticonvulsant medication to reduce spasms.
Surgery – Myoclonus is related to an operable tumour or lesion in the brain or spinal cord.
Alternative therapy – Injections of onabotulinum toxin A (Botox).
Hormone therapy with adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
Surgery – Myoclonus is related to an operable tumour or lesion in the brain or spinal cord.
Alternative therapy – Injections of onabotulinum toxin A (Botox).
Hormone therapy with adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
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